WHAT THE OCEAN PLASTICS MOVEMENT OF THE UNITED NATIONS CLAIMS IS THIS According to a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, the estimated cost of ocean plastic pollution on fishing, tourism, and shipping is at least $13 billion annually. YET THESE EXPERTS ADMIT THAT THEY DO NOT FULLY UNDERSTAND THIS POLLUTION ISSUE. Of the 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic ever produced, approximately only 9 percent has been recycled and an estimated 60 percent has been discarded, with some ending up polluting our rivers and the ocean. The amount of plastic entering the ocean is projected to double in the next five years. The enormity of this problem has led The Pew Charitable Trusts to undertake a two-year initiative to identify the most effective strategies to address the marine plastic problem. Working with the global consulting firm SYSTEMIQ, we are conducting a global analysis that will quantify the ocean plastic pollution between 2016 and 2040 under different scenarios. We are also engaging with Duke University on a global plastics policy analysis that considers the responses to this issue by a range of governments around the world. Separately, Pew is working with a broad range of stakeholders to develop an evidence-based global roadmap for reducing marine plastic pollution. We expect to release that roadmap in mid-2020. CRITICAL COMMENTARY IT DOES NOT APPPEAR THAT THESE UNITED NATIONS "EXPERTS" HAVE ACTUALLY SEEN THE DATA BECAUSE WHAT WE FIND IN THE DATA IS THS: WHAT THE UN SAYS: Plastic pollution is also taking a toll on people and society. According to a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, the estimated cost of ocean plastic pollution on fishing, tourism, and shipping is at least $13 billion annually. And experts do not yet fully understand how all of this pollution is affecting—or will affect—human health. Of the 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic ever produced, approximately only 9 percent has been recycled and an estimated 60 percent has been discarded, with some ending up polluting our rivers and the ocean. The amount of plastic entering the ocean is projected to double in the next five years. The enormity of this problem has led The Pew Charitable Trusts to undertake a two-year initiative to identify the most effective strategies to address the marine plastic problem. Working with the global consulting firm SYSTEMIQ, we are conducting a global analysis that will quantify the ocean plastic pollution between 2016 and 2040 under different scenarios. We are also engaging with Duke University on a global plastics policy analysis that considers the responses to this issue by a range of governments around the world. Separately, Pew is working with a broad range of stakeholders to develop an evidence-based global roadmap for reducing marine plastic pollution. We expect to release that roadmap in mid-2020. WHAT THE DATA SAY In related posts we present the case that although the piles of trash on beaches seem rather large to our visionary judgement, the ocean is relatively MUCH MUCH LARGER and in that context and when the size of the ocean is included in the analysis, the assumed pollution problem does not appear to be as serious an issue as the visual judgement may imply. For example, we show in related post#1 linked below that even if {Every minute day and night, the equivalent of one garbage truck of plastic waste enters the oceans} {as claimed by ocean pollution activists}, the amount of plastic going into the ocean is 8,000,000 tonnes per year. This may seem like a huge amount of trash and it may lead to conclusions such as {By 2050, there will be more plastic than fish in the world’s oceans}. Yet, the weight of fish in the ocean is 2E9 tonnes and at 8 million tonnes per year it will take us 2E9/8E6 years or 250 years to break even with the fish without consideration of “the missing plastic” issue in plastic pollution research described in related post #1. Briefly, the missing plastic issue in ocean pollution research is that 99% of the plastic dumped into the ocean simply disappears and can’t be accounted for in the ocean pollution data. Therefore, it will take us 250 years to break even with the fish if we don’t take the missing plastic issue into consideration and 25,000 years to break even wth the fish if we do take the missing plastic issue into consideration. Another way to judge the scale of the ocean pollution issue is the weight of plastic we dump into it as a fraction of the water in the ocean. The weight of the water in the ocean is 1.4E18 tonnes. This rather large number implies that 1% of the ocean weighs 1.4E16 tonnes; and that means that at 8E6 tonnes per year it will take us 1,750 million years of continuous dumping at one garbage truckload per minute every minute of the day and night to get the amount of plastic pollution in the ocean up to 1% of the ocean by weight without consideration of the missing plastic issue. If the missing plastic issue is taken into considration, it will take us 175 billion years of continuous plastic dumping at one garbage truckload per minute every minute of the day and night to reach the goal where 1% of the ocean by weight is plastic. It appears that the humans have overestimated themselves but perhaps they have a right to do so given their technological advances and all the things they have built such as ships, factories, aircraft, spaceships, and things like the Empire State Building. Taking all that into account we find that the weight of the ocean is 1.4E21 kg or 1.4E18 tonnes. The 7.8E9 humans on earth with an average weight of 62.5 kg is 287E6 tonnes. The weight of all the things that humans have built is 1.1E12 tonnes. This means that the weight of the ocean is about billions of times the weight of all the humans on earth and millions of times the combined weight of all the humans and all the things that humans have built. That the ocean is threatened by humans is nonsensical in view of its immense size and complexity and the relative insignificance of humans and their technological and industrial civilization. What makes the ocean worrywartism even more ridiculous is that we don’t really know the ocean. We are now in the year 2021, just beginning to study the ocean at sufficient depth to make the kind of assessments about human impacts on the ocean that has been assumed by the egotistical humans. LINK TO SOURCE OF THIS ANALYSIS https://tambonthongchai.com/2021/03/02/the-ocean-plastics-problem/

ON THE OBSESSION OF CLIMATE SCIENCE WITH THE AMAZON RAIN FOREST TO THE POINT OF ITS DESIGNATION IN CLIMATE SCIENCE AS THE LUNGS OF THE EARTH. ... ... ... AMAZON RAIN FOREST LUNGS OF THE EARTH ... ... THE MATH IN TERMS OF FOREST AREA: ... ... THERE ARE 8.7E9 HECTARES OF LAND ON EARTH WHERE TREES CAN BE GROWN. BUT ONLY 5.5E9 HECTARES HAVE TREES. OF THAT 5.5E9 HECTARES, 5.26E8 HECTARES ARE IN THE AMAZON RAIN FOREST. THIS MEANS THAT THE AMAZON RAIN FOREST CONTAINS 9.56% OF THE WORLD’S FORESTS. AND THAT MEANS THAT NOT TAKING THE OCEAN INTO ACCOUNT THE LUNGS OF THE EARTH CARRIES OUT 9.56% OF THE WORLD’S PHOTOSYNTHESIS. BUT THE OCEAN CARRIES OUT 50% TO 80% OF THE WORLD’S PHOTOSYNTHESIS OR 65% ON AVERAGE. THEREFORE, THE AMAZON LUNGS OF THE EARTH CARRIES OUT 9.56% of 35% or 3.35% OF THE WORLD’S PHOTOSYNTHESIS. ... ... ... ... ... AND YET THIS CONTRIBUTION TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS RECOGNIZED IN THE SCIENCE SCIENCE SCIENCE OF CLIMATE SCIENCE AS THE LUNGS OF THE EARTH. SUCH IS THE SCIENCE SCIENCE SCIENCE OF CLIMATE SCIENCE THAT MUST NOT BE QUESTIONED BECAUSE IT IS SCIENCE SCIENCE SCIENCE. THE TRUTH OF CLIMATE SCIENCE DERIVES ONLY FROM THE ASSUMED POWER OF THE WORD SCIENCE. ... ... ... ...

THE TREE PLANTING FALLACY OF CLIMATE SCIENCE ... ... ... THE MATH IN TERMS OF LAND AREA ... ... THERE ARE 8.7E9 HECTARES OF LAND ON EARTH WHERE TREES CAN BE GROWN. OF THAT, 5.5E9 HECTARES ALREADY HAVE TREES. THIS MEANS THAT THE MAXIMUM PHOTOSYNTHESIS IMPACT OF HUMANS PLANTING TREES IS (8.7-5.5)/8.7 OR LESS THAN 37%. OF TOTAL LAND PHOTOSYNTHESIS . ... ... HOWEVER, 50% TO 80% OF THE WORLD’S PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS IN THE OCEAN. ... ... ON AVERAGE THE OCEAN PROVIDES 65% OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND LAND ONLY 35%. ... ... ... THEREFORE, THE MAXIMUM HUMAN IMPACT OF HUMANS PLANTING TREES IS TO INCREASE PHOTOSYNTHESIS BY 37% OF 35% OR ABOUT 13% AT MOST ... ... .. THIS MAXIMUM POSSIBLE IMPACT OF HUMANS PLANTING TREES IS WELL WITHIN THE UNCERTAINTY RANGE OF GLOBAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS ESTIMATIONS. ... ... .. THEREFORE NO MEASURABLE OR STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT PHOTOSYNTHESIS EFFECT IS POSSIBLE BY HUMANS PLANTING TREES. ... ...

THE NET ZERO FALLACY ... ... WHAT CLIMATE SCIENCE SAYS IS THAT GLOBAL WARMING IS CAUSED BY HUMANS BURNING FOSSIL FUELS. WHAT THEY WANT IN CLIMATE ACTION TO FIGHT GLOBAL WARMING IS FOR HUMANS TO STOP BURNING FOSSIL FUELS. ... ... THE PROPOSAL BY THOSE SAME SCIENTISTS, THAT HUMANS CAN CONTINUE TO BURN FOSSIL FUELS IF THE EMISSIONS ARE OFFSET BY CARBON CYCLE INTERVENTIONS IS FALSE.... ... ... ... ... DETAILS IN THESE LINKS TO RELATED POSTS ON WORDPRESS ... ... LINK#1: WHAT DOES NET ZERO MEAN? https://tambonthongchai.com/2020/02/25/net-zero/ ... ... ... LINK#2: THE FALLACY OF THE TREE PLANTING OFFSETS: https://tambonthongchai.com/2021/05/20/the-power-of-trees/ ... ... ... LINK#3: THE FALLACY OF EMISSION OFFSETS IN THE CARBON CREDITS MARKET: https://tambonthongchai.com/2019/09/30/cer/ ... ...

SCIENCE AND RELIGION: ... ... {SCIENCE}: EVEN WHEN YOU HAVE TONS OF EVIDENCE DOUBT WHAT YOU SEE: ... ... {RELIGION}: EVEN WITHOUT A SINGLE PIECE OF EVIDENCE BELIEVE IN WHAT YOU CAN'T SEE: ... ... IF CLIMATE SCIENCE IS SCIENCE THEN CHALLENGING CLIMATE SCIENCE IS ALSO SCIENCE, A GOOD AND DESIREABLE THING BECAUSE THAT IS HOW SCIENCE ADVANCES. BUT IF CLIMATE SCIENCE IS RELIGION THEN CHALLENGING CLIMATE SCIENCE IS A BAD THING AND THE CHALLENGERS ARE HERETICAL CLIMATE DENIERS. ... ... YET WHAT WE SEE IN CLIMATE SCIENCE IS A CLOSE LINK AND SUPPORTIVE COOPERATION BETWEEN CLIMATE SCIENCE AND RELIGION. ... ... THE LAUDATO SI PRESENTS A SEMINAL INTEGRATION OF RELIGION AND CLIMATE CHANGE THE STRONG CONNECTION BETWEEN THEM BEING THAT HUMANITY IS NOT ALLOWED TO QUESTION OR CHALLENGE ANY OF THEIR CLAIMS AND HYPOTHESES. IN THIS SEMINAL INTEGRATION THE ENCYCLICAL ACCEPTS, AND PROMOTES AND DEMANDS BELIEF FROM THE RELIGIOUS SUCH THAT YOUR RELIGION IS INCOMPLETE WITHOUT THE CLIMATE CONNECTION. ... ... THIS CONNECTION BETWEEN RELIGION SCIENCE AND CLIMATE SCIENCE HAS EXTENDED BEYOND LAUDATO SI. YALE SCHOLAR MARY TUCKER AND HAS EXTENDED HER RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES TO CLIMATE ACTION FOR THE WORLD TO CONFRONT CLIMATE CHANGE SAYING THAT YOU CANNOT HAVE HEALTHY PEOPLE ON A SICK PLANET. 1.2 BILLION CATHOLICS HAVE JOINED IN AS THE RELIGION MOVEMENT FOR CLIMATE ACTION SAYING THAT THE ENCYCLICAL STANDS ON MILLENIA OF CATHOLIC TEACHINGS THAT BEGINS WITH GENESIS MEANING THAT CLIMATE SCIENCE HAS NOW BEEN INTEGRATED WITH GENESIS AND THAT MEANS THAT CLIMATE ACTIVISM WITH THINGS LIKE DROUGHTS, WILDFIRES, AND HURRICANES IS NOW AN EXTENSION OF GENESIS BECAUSE THEY ARE NO LONGER A DISTANT THREAT BECAUSE THEY ARE HERE AND NOW AND POOR COUNTRIES ARE HURTING THE MOST AND THAT MAKES IT THE DUTY OF EVERY ONE WHO BELIEVES TO JOIN THE FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE. THE LAUDATO SI HAS CONVINCED MANY DENIERS THAT CLIMATE CHANGE IS A GRAVE CONCERN. AND SO WHAT WE SEE NOW IN RELIGION IS THAT IT INCLUDES AND MANDATES A GLOBAL CATHOLIC CLIMATE MOVEMENT. ... ... ... AND YET, ALL THIS IS BEING PRESENTED IN THE CONTEXT STATED AT THE TOP OF THIS POST WHICH IS ... ... {SCIENCE}: EVEN WHEN YOU HAVE TONS OF EVIDENCE DOUBT WHAT YOU SEE: ... ... {RELIGION}: EVEN WITHOUT A SINGLE PIECE OF EVIDENCE BELIEVE IN WHAT YOU CAN'T SEE: ... ... BOTTOM LINE ... ... IF CLIMATE SCIENCE IS SCIENCE THEN CHALLENGING CLIMATE SCIENCE IS ALSO SCIENCE, A GOOD AND DESIREABLE THING BECAUSE THAT IS HOW SCIENCE ADVANCES. BUT IF CLIMATE SCIENCE IS RELIGION THEN CHALLENGING CLIMATE SCIENCE IS A BAD THING AND THE CHALLENGERS ARE HERETICAL CLIMATE DENIERS. ... ...

THE NEW AND CREATIVE DESPERATION STRATEGIES OF THE CLIMATE MOVEMENT .... .... .... THE DALAI LAMA HAS A STARK WARNING FOR HUMANITY ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE .... .... NOW AGED 87, THE SPIRITUAL LEADER SPEAKS ABOUT THE CRITICAL THREAT OF GLOBAL WARMING .... .... HIS STARK WARNING IS THAT HE EMPHASIZED THE IMPORTANCE OF ADDRESSING THE CLIMATE CRISIS WHILE AT THE SAME TIME DISCUSSING WAR ... ... THAT MEANS THAT WHAT HE SEES IN CLIMATE CHANGE IS SOMETHING LIKE THE DESTRUCTION CAUSED BY WORLD WARS ... ... AND THEREFORE WE MUST HEED HIS WARNING AND TAKE CLIMATE ACTION. ... ... CONCLUSION: .... .... THE NEED FOR RELIGION IS THE EVIDENCE OF DESPERATION IN THE CLIMATE CAMP.... .... ... ... SO MAYBE THE SCIENCE SCIENCE SCIENCE CLIMATE SCIENCE ISN'T SCIENCE AFTER ALL ... ... IT'S RELIGION

THE PROBLEM WITH WIND AND SOLAR #1: WIND TURBINE BLADES CAN’T BE RECYCLED SO THEY ARE BURIED UNDER DIRT BY BULLDOZERS. ... ... #2: WIND TURBINE BLADES ARE PILING UP IN LANDFILLS ... ... THERE ARE MILLIONS OF TOXIC WIND TURBINE BLADES AT LANDFILLS. AND THAT TOXIC MOUND IS RISING HIGHER AND HIGHER AND SPPREADING WIDER AND WIDER ... ... AND THEN THERE IS THE CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT OF RENEWABLES WIND FARMS ALTER NATURAL WIND PATTERNS AND THAT CAN IN TURN IMPACTS WEATHER PARTICULARLY SO IN CREATING DROUGHT CONDITIONS. A BASELINE PAPER IS BARRIE ETAL 2010. ... ... THE BARRIE ETAL ARGUMENT IS PRESENTED IN TERMS OF AN ENERGY BALANCE. THE ENERGY YOU TAKE REMOVES ENERGY FROM THE ATMOSPHERE. THAT IN TURN CAN IMPACT THE NORMAL OR NATURAL ATMOSPHERIC WIND PATTERNS AND WEATHER AND CLIMATE AS IN WARMING OR COOLING BECAUSE THE ATMOSPHERE DOES NOT HAVE THE ENERGY IT HAD BEFORE THE WIND TURBINES REMOVED SOME OF IT. THE CONCLUSION DRAWN BY BARRIE ETAL IS THAT IN THIS MECHANISM WINDFARMS CAN CAUSE, HORRIFIC ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA SUCH AS DROUGHT. ... ... SEE ALSO Mann, Jakob, and Jonas Teilmann. “Environmental impact of wind energy.” Environmental Research Letters 8.3 (2013): 035001. Abstract: One purpose of wind turbines is to provide pollution-free electric power at a reasonable price in an environmentally sound way. In this focus issue the latest research on the environmental impact of wind farms is presented. Offshore wind farms affect the marine fauna in both positive and negative ways. For example, some farms are safe havens for porpoises while other farms show fewer harbor porpoises even after ten years. Atmospheric computer experiments are carried out to investigate the possible impact and resource of future massive installations of wind turbines. The following questions are treated. What is the global capacity for energy production by the wind? Will the added turbulence and reduced wind speeds generated by massive wind farms to cool or heat the surface? Can wind farms affect precipitation? It is also shown through life-cycle analysis how wind energy can reduce the atmospheric emission of eight air pollutants. Finally, noise generation and its impact on humans are studied. Wang, Chien, and Ronald G. Prinn. “Potential climatic impacts and reliability of very large-scale wind farms.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10.4 (2010): 2053-2061. Abstract. Meeting future world energy needs while addressing climate change requires large-scale deployment of low or zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission technologies such as wind energy. The widespread availability of wind power has fueled substantial interest in this renewable energy source as one of the needed technologies. For very large-scale utilization of this resource, there are however potential environmental impacts, and also problems arising from its inherent intermittency, in addition to the present need to lower unit costs. To explore some of these issues, we use a three-dimensional climate model to simulate the potential climate effects associated with installation of wind-powered generators over vast areas of land or coastal ocean. Using wind turbines to meet 10% or more of global energy demand in 2100, could cause surface warming exceeding 1 °C over land installations. In contrast, surface cooling exceeding 1 °C is computed over ocean installations, but the validity of simulating the impacts of wind turbines by simply increasing the ocean surface drag needs further study. Significant warming or cooling remote from both the land and ocean installations, and alterations of the global distributions of rainfall and clouds also occur. These results are influenced by the competing effects of increases in roughness and decreases in wind speed on near-surface turbulent heat fluxes, the differing nature of land and ocean surface friction, and the dimensions of the installations parallel and perpendicular to the prevailing winds. These results are also dependent on the accuracy of the model used, and the realism of the methods applied to simulate wind turbines. Additional theory and new field observations will be required for their ultimate validation. Intermittency of wind power on daily, monthly and longer time scales as computed in these simulations and inferred from meteorological observations, poses a demand for one or more options to ensure reliability, including backup generation capacity, very long distance power transmission lines, and onsite energy storage, each with specific economic and/or technological challenges. Barrie, D. B., and D. B. Kirk-Davidoff. “Weather response to a large wind turbine array.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10.2 (2010): 769-775. ABSTRACT: Electrical generation by wind turbines is increasing rapidly, and has been projected to satisfy 15% of world electric demand by 2030. The extensive installation of wind farms would alter surface roughness and significantly impact the atmospheric circulation due to the additional surface roughness forcing. This forcing could be changed deliberately by adjusting the attitude of the turbine blades with respect to the wind, which would enable the “management” of a large array of wind turbines. Using a General Circulation Model (GCM), we represent a continent-scale wind farm as a distributed array of surface roughness elements. Here we show that initial disturbances caused by a step change in roughness grow within four and a half days such that the flow is altered at synoptic scales. The growth rate of the induced perturbations is largest in regions of high atmospheric instability. For a roughness change imposed over North America, the induced perturbations involve substantial changes in the track and development of cyclones over the North Atlantic, and the magnitude of the perturbations rises above the level of forecast uncertainty. Broström, Göran. “On the influence of large wind farms on the upper ocean circulation.” Journal of Marine Systems 74.1-2 (2008): 585-591. ABSTRACT: Large wind farms exert a significant disturbance on the wind speed in the vicinity of the installation and in this study we outline the oceanic response to the wind wake from a large wind farm placed in the ocean. We find that the size of the wind wake is an important factor for the oceanic response to the wind farm. We show through simple analytical models and idealized numerical experiments that a wind speed of 5–10 m/s may generate upwelling/downwelling velocities exceeding 1 m/day if the characteristic width of the wind wake is of the same size or larger than the internal radius of deformation. The generated upwelling is sufficiently enough that the local ecosystem will most likely be strongly influenced by the presence of a wind farm. Abbasi, S. A., and Tasneem Abbasi. “Impact of wind-energy generation on climate: A rising spectre.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 59 (2016): 1591-1598. ABSTRACT: Several theoretical studies have been reported in recent years which have indicated that large-scale wind farms can have an impact on local and regional meteorology, possibly on climate. Now evidence of it based on field observations has also begun to emerge. The present paper traces the evolution of this knowledge. It discusses the theoretical studies on the possibility of wind turbines effecting climate change, and summarizes the emerging confirmation of those predictions. The concluding part of the paper assesses the implications of these findings in the context of the world׳s past experience on global warming and its present thrust to meet substantial portions of its energy needs with renewables. Tang, Bijian, et al. “The observed impacts of wind farms on local vegetation growth in northern China.” Remote Sensing 9.4 (2017): 332. ABSTRACT: Wind farms (WFs) can affect the local climate, and local climate change may influence underlying vegetation. Some studies have shown that WFs affect certain aspects of the regional climate, such as temperature and rainfall. However, there is still no evidence to demonstrate whether WFs can affect local vegetation growth, a significant part of the overall assessment of WF effects. In this research, based on the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation index, productivity and other remote-sensing data from 2003 to 2014, the effects of WFs in the Bashang area of Northern China on vegetation growth and productivity in the summer (June–August) were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) WFs had a significant inhibiting effect on vegetation growth, as demonstrated by decreases in the leaf area index (LAI), the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of approximately 14.5%, 14.8%, and 8.9%, respectively, in the 2003–2014 summers. There was also an inhibiting effect of 8.9% on summer gross primary production (GPP) and 4.0% on annual net primary production (NPP) coupled with WFs; and (2) the major impact factors might be the changes in temperature and soil moisture: WFs suppressed soil moisture and enhanced water stress in the study area. This research provides significant observational evidence that WFs can inhibit the growth and productivity of the underlying vegetation.

DOES CLIMATE ACTION WORK??? .... .... IN THIS POST WE PRESENT EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE THAT DOES NOT SUPPORT THE CLIMATE SCIENCE POSITION OF A CAUSATION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS AND GLOBAL WARMING. THE RELEVANT TIME SCALE IN CLIMATE SCIENCE IS ANNUAL. WHAT THE SCIENCE SAYS IS THAT ANNUAL EMISSIONS CAUSE ANNUAL CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND THAT ANNUAL CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION CAUSE ANNUAL CHANGES IN GLOBAL MEAN SURFACE TEMPERATURE {GMST}. THE DATA PRESENTED HERE ARE AT A DECADAL TIME SCALE .... .... AIR TRAVEL: A SPECIFIC IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC WAS THE REDUCTION IN GLOBAL AIRLINE TRAFFIC FROM 39 MILLION FLIGHTS PER YEAR TO 16 MILLION FLIGHTS PER YEAR. THERE WAS NO IMPACT ON THE RATE OF GLOBAL WARMING. ... ... CLIMATE ACTION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY: OVER THE DECADE 2009 TO 2019 MORE THAN $2.5 TRILLION WAS INVESTED IN RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLDWIDE. THIS IMPLEMENTATION WAS MOTIVATED BY THE CLIMATE SCIENCE CLAIM THAT INVESTMENT IN RENEWABLE ENERGY IS REQUIRED TO ATTENUATE GLOBAL WARMING. YET WHAT WE SEE IN THE DATA IS THAT THE INVESTMENT OF $2.5 TRILLION IN RENEWABLE ENERGY DIDN’T CHANGE THE RATE OF GLOBAL WARMING. THERE WAS NO IMPACT ON THE RATE OF GLOBAL WARMING.... ... ... GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITY: World Total Renewable Energy Capacity: 2010 to 2019 are: 2010=1,226,853, 2011=1,332,236, 2012= 1,445,233, 2013= 1,563,196, 2014= 1,692,680, 2015= 1,846,060, 2016=2,008,547, 2017=2,182,449, 2018=2,361,061, 2019=2,536,853 ... THERE WAS NO IMPACT ON THE RATE OF GLOBAL WARMING.... ... ... CONCLUSION: NO EVIDENCE IS FOUND THAT THE RATE OF WARMING IS RESPONSIVE TO CLIMATE ACTION. BUT SEE ALSO THE POSTSCRIPT BELOW ... ... ... POSTSCRIPT: Electricity production by source, World THE CHART ABOVE PROVIDED BY {OUR WORLD IN DATA} SHOWS THAT ALTHOUGH THERE HAS BEEN SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN RENEWABLE ENERGY 1985 TO 2020, THE SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN 2020 IS STILL LESS THAN 15% AND THAT SMALL PERCENTAGE OF THE SHARE OF RENEWABLES IN TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION MAY EXPLAIN WHY NO EFFECT IS VISIBLE ON THE RATE OF WARMING. WHAT THAT DATA ALSO SHOW IS THAT IT TOOK OVER 5 TRILLION DOLLARS TO CONVERT 15% OF THE WORLD’S ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE FROM FOSSIL FUELS TO RENEWABLES. THIS MEANS THAT THE CLIMATE ACTION DEMANDED BY CLIMATE SCIENCE HAS A PRICE TAG OF OVER 33 TRILLION DOLLARS, OR OVER $4,000 PER MAN WOMAN AND CHILD ON EARTH. $23 TRILION. THE NEW YORK TIMES REPORTS: LINK: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/22/climate/climate-change-economy.html , THAT THE COST OF NOT TAKING CLIMATE ACTION AND SUFFERING THE CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IS THAT THE CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS WILL DEPRESS THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND CAUSE A LOSS OF $23 TRILLION. COMPARING THE COST OF ACTION ($33 TRILLION) TO THE COST OF CLIMATE INACTION ($23 TRILLION), WE FIND A ($10 TRILLION ) ADVANTAGE FOR NO ACTION.

THIS POST IS A PRESENTATION OF SOURCES OF CARBON TRANSFERS FROM THE MANTLE TO THE SURFACE BY WAY OF SEEPAGE, HYDROTHERMAL VENTS, HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES, SUBMARINE AND VOLCANISM. ..... ..... THE CONTEXT OF THIS STUDY IS THE THEORY OF ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING (AGW) WHERE FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS ARE ASSUMED TO BE THE SOLE SOURCE OF CARBON EXTERNAL TO THE CARBON CYCLE. ........ ........ A further argument in climate science for human cause is that the source of the carbon causing atmospheric CO2 to rise has to be fossil fuels because this carbon is devoid of the 14C and 13C isotopes. ........ ........ It is noted that this argument does not exclude geological carbon because that carbon is also devoid of 13C and 14C isotopes. ........ ........ It is not possible to distinguish fossil fuel carbon from geological carbon. ........ ........ It is proposed therefore that natural flows of CO2 to the atmosphere that may have been missed or underestimated in climate science must be reconsidered, specifically the known carbon flows from the mantle to the atmosphere.

THE NULL HYPOTHESIS ISSUE IN CLIMATE SCIENCE AND THE ROLE OF SUPERSTITION IN CLIMATE SCIENCE ---------- THIS POST IS A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS TESTING PROCEDURE IN CLIMATE SCIENCE. WE SHOW THAT CLIMATE SCIENCE CONTAINS A BIAS FOR THE TRUTH OF THAT WHICH IS TO BE PROVEN AND THAT THEREFORE CLIMATE SCIENCE CANNOT BE CONSIDERED TO BE UNBIASED AND OBJECTIVE SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY. ------------ SPECIFICALLY, IN OBJECTIVE UNBIASED SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY, THAT WHICH IS TO BE PROVEN MUST BE THE ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS AND ITS NEGATION THEN BECOMES THE NULL HYPOTHESIS. THE UNBIASED DATA COLLECTION MUST THEN PROVIDE SIGNIFICANT EVIDENCE TO REJECT THE NULL IN ORDER TO ACCEPT THE TRUTH OF THAT WHICH IS TO BE PROVEN. ------------ THE TRUTH OF THAT WHICH IS TO BE PROVEN WHEN TAKEN AS THE NULL HYPOTHESIS CONTAINS A BIAS AND IT VIOLATES THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD SUCH THAT THE RESEARCH FINDINGS OF THIS METHODOLOGY CANNOT BE TAKEN AS THE PRODUCT OF OBJECTIVE AND UNBIASED SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY. THE ODD LOGIC IN CLIMATE SCIENCE DESCRIBED AS “THE LESS WE KNOW THE SCARIER IT GETS” DERIVES FROM THIS STATISTICAL ERROR. THE TRUTH OF THAT WHICH IS TO BE PROVEN STANDS AS TRUTH UNTIL PROVEN WRONG. -------------- THIS BIAS IS OFTEN ACKNOWLEDGED AND THEN DEFENDED WITH THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE. THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH WHERE THIS BIAS IN RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IS NEEDED TO MAKE SURE THAT WE AVOID THE GREATER HORROR OF BEING WRONG ABOUT THE DANGER OF THAT WHICH IS TO BE PROVEN DANGEROUS BECAUSE THE HORROR IS GREATER THAN THE COST OF BEING WRONG ABOUT THE HORROR. IN THIS CONTEXT, THE CALL FOR THE WORLD TO TAKE COSTLY CLIMATE ACTION CAN BE TRANSLATED AS {YOU MUST DO AS WE SAY JUST IN CASE WE ARE RIGHT}. THE COST OF AVOIDING THE HORROR THAT AWAITS US IF WE ARE RIGHT IS LESS THAN THE COST OF THE HORROR. ------------ THE BIAS IS FOUND IN THE CLIMATE SCIENCE LITERATURE. ---------------- THIS LOGIC IS THE NORM IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES WHERE IT IS REFERRED TO AS THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE, A METHODOLOGY KNOWN TO FOR ITS CONFIRMATION BIAS.THIS PROCEDURE IS A KIND OF SUPERSTITION AS EXPLAINED IN THE DOCUMENT LINKED BELOW. ---------------- LINK TO THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE: https://tambonthongchai.com/2020/12/27/superstitious-humans/ THE LANGUAGE OF CLIMATE SCIENCE RESEARCH FINDINGS EXPOSES CONFIRMATION BIAS ---------------- EXAMPLE: FISHING FOR CLIMATE CALAMITY:CLIMATE CHANGE IS REDUCING THE NUMBER OF FISH IN THE OCEAN. THE SO CALLED FISH APOCALYPSE. EXAMPLE: THE DEARTH OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ONLY ADDS TO THE ALARM: MEANING THAT THE LESS CLIMATE SCIENCE KNOWS THE MORE REASON THERE IS FOR THE HUMANS TO SPEND BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF DOLLARS ON CLIMATE ACTION. SUMMARY: THE INHERENT SUPERSTITIOUS NATURE OF HUMANS HAS BEEN USED IN THE CREATION OF THE CLIMATE CRISIS AND CLIMATE EMERGENCY OF OUR TIME IN WHICH FOSSIL FUELS, THE PRODUCERS OF FOSSIL FUELS, AND THE CAPITALIST ECONOMY THAT PROFITS FROM FOSSIL FUELS ARE THE WITCHES THAT NEED TO BE BURNED TO FULFILL ACTIVISM NEEDS AGAINST FOSSIL FUELS. CLIMATE SCIENCE MAY HAVE SOME SCIENCE IN IT BUT IT IS BEST UNDERSTOOD AS ANTI FOSSIL FUEL ACTIVISM IN WHICH EXXON AND CAPITALISM ARE THE WITCHES. BOTTOM LINE: CLIMAT SCIENCE IS RELIGION AND NOT SCIENCE

WHAT CLIMATE SCIENTISTS KNOW FOR SURE PART- 1: WHEN DID AGW HUMAN CAUSED CLIMATE CHANGE START? Callendar 1938: It started in 1900 and warmed steadily from 1900 to 1938 with the warming driven by rising CO2 which in turn is attributable to fossil fuel emissions. Hansen 1988: It started in 1950 because in the 30-year period 1950-1980 there is a strong measurable warming rate with 99% probability for human cause. IPCC 2001: It started in 1750 when the Industrial Revolution kicked in and atmospheric CO2 began to rise. IPCC 2015: It started in 1850 by when sufficient fossil fuel carbon had entered the atmosphere for a measurable response of temperature to CO2. NASA 2020 [LINK] It started in 1950 because from then the relationship between CO2 and temperature we see in the climate models closely matches the observational data. Climate Scientist Peter Cox 2018: It started in the 1970s because it is since then that we see a measurable responsiveness of surface temperature to atmospheric CO2 concentration according to the theory of the greenhouse effect of CO2. PART-2: WHAT SCIENTISTS KNEW FOR SURE IN 2001: Fossil fuel emissions is causing atmospheric CO2 concentration to go up and that in turn is causing global mean temperature to go up. If we don’t take climate action to reduce and eliminate emissions, the temperature will continue to go up and when it warms 5C above pre-industrial, warming will become irreversible – meaning that it will no longer be possible to attenuate warming with climate action and that will make it impossible for us to save the planet. WHAT SCIENTISTS KNEW FOR SURE IN 2007 Fossil fuel emissions is causing atmospheric CO2 concentration to go up and that in turn is causing global mean temperature to go up. If we don’t take climate action to reduce and eliminate emissions, the temperature will continue to go up and when it warms 4C above pre-industrial, warming will become irreversible – meaning that it will no longer be possible to attenuate warming with climate action and that will make it impossible for us to save the planet. WHAT SCIENTISTS KNEW FOR SURE IN 2013 Fossil fuel emissions is causing atmospheric CO2 concentration to go up and that in turn is causing global mean temperature to go up. If we don’t take climate action to reduce and eliminate emissions, the temperature will continue to go up and when it warms 3C above pre-industrial, warming will become irreversible – meaning that it will no longer be possible to attenuate warming with climate action and that will make it impossible for us to save the planet. WHAT SCIENTISTS KNEW FOR SURE IN 2015 Fossil fuel emissions is causing atmospheric CO2 concentration to go up and that in turn is causing global mean temperature to go up. If we don’t take climate action to reduce and eliminate emissions, the temperature will continue to go up and when it warms 2C above pre-industrial, warming will become irreversible – meaning that it will no longer be possible to attenuate warming with climate action and that will make it impossible for us to save the planet. WHAT SCIENTISTS KNEW FOR SURE IN 2018 Fossil fuel emissions is causing atmospheric CO2 concentration to go up and that in turn is causing global mean temperature to go up. If we don’t take climate action to reduce and eliminate emissions, the temperature will continue to go up and when it warms 1.5C above pre-industrial, warming will become irreversible – meaning that it will no longer be possible to attenuate warming with climate action and that will make it impossible for us to save the planet. WHAT SCIENTISTS KNOW FOR SURE IN 2020: Insights from Earth system model initial-condition large ensembles and future prospects, C. Deser, F. Lehner, K. B. Rodgers, T. Ault, T. L. Delworth, P. N. DiNezio, A. Fiore, C. Frankignoul, J. C. Fyfe, D. E. Horton, J. E. Kay, R. Knutti, N. S. Lovenduski, J. Marotzke, K. A. McKinnon, S. Minobe, J. Randerson, J. A. Screen, I. R. Simpson & M. Ting: Nature Climate Change (2020). Abstract: Internal variability in the climate system confounds assessment of human-induced climate change and imposes irreducible limits on the accuracy of climate change projections, especially at regional and decadal scales. A new collection of initial-condition large ensembles (LEs) generated with seven Earth system models under historical and future radiative forcing scenarios provides new insights into uncertainties due to internal variability versus model differences. These data enhance the assessment of climate change risks, including extreme events, and offer a powerful testbed for new methodologies aimed at separating forced signals from internal variability in the observational record. Opportunities and challenges confronting the design and dissemination of future LEs, including increased spatial resolution and model complexity alongside emerging Earth system applications, are discussed.

2021 HEAT DOME: CLIMATE CHANGE A new study suggests the deadly 2021 heat dome that hit B.C. and the U.S. Pacific Northwest was amplified by climate change and could become a once-in-10-year event if global temperatures aren’t kept below 2 C above the pre-industrial average. The study, which was published this month in the journal Nature Climate Change cites the interaction between factors, including climate change, atmospheric weather patterns and dry soils in the region as factors that allowed the heat wave to reach extreme levels. The heat dome, which hit western Canada and the U.S. at the end of June and beginning of July is believed to be responsible for more than 600 deaths, set national temperature records and preceded the fire that razed the community of Lytton to its foundations. /b> The world is rapidly barreling toward climate change tipping points. Floods, fires and heat waves are hitting with growing ferocity. There is, in Canada as elsewhere, a growing reality that adaptation is urgent and necessary. RESPONSE IN CLIMATE SCIENCE, REPEATED FAILED FORECASTS OF DOOM MEAN THAT THEY HAVE TO KEEP ON TRYING UNTIL THEY FIND SOMETHIING THAT WORKS. FAILED DOOMOLOGY FORECASTS OF THE PAST FAILED FORECAST#1: CLIMATE CHANGE WILL INTENSIFY ENSO: LINK: https://tambonthongchai.com/2019/11/29/agw-el-nino/ FAILED FORECAST#2: REPEATED FORECASTS OF AN ICE FREE ARCTIC LINK#1: https://tambonthongchai.com/2019/11/18/the-ice-free-arctic-obsession-of-agw/ LINK#2: https://tambonthongchai.com/2020/01/15/icefreearcticinsanity/ LINK#3: https://tambonthongchai.com/2019/12/01/arctic-sea-ice-its-all-quite-devastating/ FAILED FORECAST#3: REPEATED FORECASTS OF POLAR ICE MELT AND METERS OF SEA LEVEL RISE. LINK#1: https://tambonthongchai.com/2020/11/07/climate-change-threatens-polar-ice/ LINK#2: https://tambonthongchai.com/2020/09/24/a-failed-polar-ice-melt-obsession/ LINK#3: https://tambonthongchai.com/2020/09/03/polar-ice-melt-fears-of-september-2020/ LINK#4: https://tambonthongchai.com/2020/10/11/antarctica-ice-melt-sea-level-rise-2020/ FAILED FORECAST#4: THE ARCTIC HEAT WAVES OF GLOBAL WARMING ARE THE EVIDENCE THAT THE END IS NEAR. LINK#1: https://tambonthongchai.com/2020/07/19/agw-heat-wave-in-siberia/ LINK#2: https://tambonthongchai.com/2019/07/27/arctic2019fires/ LINK#3: https://tambonthongchai.com/2018/09/30/arcticwarming/ LINK#4: https://tambonthongchai.com/2020/10/28/arctic-warming-alarm-of-october-2020/ CONCLUSION: THE ESSENCE OF CLIMATE SCIENCE IS A DOOMOLOGY THAT RELIES ON THE IDEA THAT FEAR APPEAL CAN BE USED TO TAKE CONTROL OF THE HUMANS

FEAR APPEAL CLIMATE SCIENCE AND WHY IT WORKS PART-1: THE ORIGIN OF CATASTROPHISM AND RELATED POST ON OUR INNER NEED TO FEAR: https://tambonthongchai.com/2021/09/20/our-inner-need-to-fear/ IN THE 18TH CENTURY, NATURALIST, GEOLOGIST, AND BIOLOGIST, BARON GEORGE CUVIER OF FRANCE, DISCOVERED SOMETHING AMAZING. HE DUG DEEP INTO THE EARTH AND STUDIED THE SIGNATURES OF LIFE FORMS IN SUCCESSIVE STRATA OF THE DIG AND MADE AN AMAZING DISCOVERY. FROM ONE STRATUM TO THE NEXT HE FOUND COMPLETELY DIFFERENT FOSSIL FORMS OF LIFE. THE DATA IMPLIED A CATASTROPHIC END OF LIFE IN EACH STRATUM WITH AN EMERGENCE OF LIFE ON EARTH ALL OVER AGAIN IN THE NEXT STRATUM. THIS DISCOVERY IS THE ORIGIN OF CATASTROPHSISM, THE IDEA THAT LIFE ON EARTH EMERGES AND FLOURISHES AND THEN MEETS A CATASTROPHIC END TO CREATE A DEAD ZONE WITH LIFE EMERGING ALL OVER AGAIN AND THEN GOING THROUGH YET ANOTHER CATASTROPHE. THE CUVIER HYPOTHESIS IMPLIES THAT THOUGH WE ARE HERE ENJOYING LIFE IN THE GREEN VALLEY WITH THE BIRDS AND THE BEES AND THE FLOWERS AND THE TREES AND THE MOON UP ABOVE AND A THING CALLED THE INTERNET, IT’S ONLY FOR A WHILE UNTIL THE CATASTROPHE COMES AND IT’S ALL GONE INTO A DEAD ZONE FROM WHICH LIFE WILL HAVE TO EMERGE ALL OVER AGAIN. LIFE ON EARTH IS NOT A ONE SHOT DEAL. IT IS A CYCLE OF LIFE AND CATASTROPHE. THIS IS THE ORIGIIN OF CATASTROPHISM. THANK YOU MONSIEUR CUVIER. A USEFUL REFERENCE IS THE BOOK “MEGADISASTERS” BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS: LINK TO SOURCE: https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691133508/megadisasters HERE IS A BRIEF SUMMARY OF WHAT IT SAYS Can we predict cataclysmic disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or stock market crashes? The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 claimed more than 200,000 lives. Hurricane Katrina killed over 1,800 people and devastated the city of New Orleans. The recent global financial crisis has cost corporations and ordinary people around the world billions of dollars. Megadisasters is a book that asks why catastrophes such as these catch us by surprise, and reveals the history and groundbreaking science behind efforts to forecast major disasters and minimize their destruction. Each chapter of this exciting and eye-opening book explores a particular type of cataclysmic event and the research surrounding it, including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, rapid climate change, collisions with asteroids or comets, pandemics, and financial crashes. Florin Diacu tells the harrowing true stories of people impacted by these terrible events, and of the scientists racing against time to predict when the next big disaster will strike. He describes the mathematical models that are so critical to understanding the laws of nature and foretelling potentially lethal phenomena, the history of modeling and its prospects for success in the future, and the enormous challenges to scientific prediction posed by the chaos phenomenon, which is the high instability that underlies many processes around us. Yielding new insights into the perils that can touch every one of us, Megadisasters shows how the science of predicting disasters holds the promise of a safer and brighter tomorrow. SO WHAT? THE POINT HERE IN THIS CITATION IS THAT WE MODERN HUMANS CARRY THE CUVIER CATASTROPPHISM IDEA DEEP IN OUR HEART AND IN OUR PSYCHE BUT WITH AN INTERPRETATION THAT OVERLOOKS THE GEOLOGICALLY LONG TIME SCALE AND THE COMPLETE DESTRUCTIVENESS OF LIFE ON EARTH IN THE CUVIER DATA SUCH THAT NATURAL DISASTERS, SUCH AS A PARTICULARLY DESTRUCTIVE TROPICAL CYCLONE, CAN TRIGGER CUVIER CATASTROPHSISM DEEP IN OUR HEARTS WITH ITS ASSOCIATED FEAR OF THE END OF LIFE ON EARTH AND MAYBE THE END OF THE PLANET ITSELF. IN THIS CONTEXT, WE PROPOSE THAT MODERN FEARMONGERING OBSESSIONS SUCH AS THE THE ANTHROPOCENE, THE POPULATION BOMB END OF THE WORLD, THE 1970S GLOBAL COOLING END OF THE WORLD, AND THE CURRENT GLOBAL WARMING END OF THE WORLD, OF OTHERWISE INTELLIGENT AND CIVILIZED HUMANS CAN BE UNDERSTOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF A CATASTROPHISM GENE THAT LIVES DEEP IN OUR PSYCHE AND OVERCOMES RATIONAL THOUGHT AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD. THE VEXING ISSUE WITH THE GROSS MISMATCH OF THE TIME SCALE OF CUVIER CATASTROPHISM TO ITS APPPLICATION IN THINGS LIKE CLIMATE CHANGE HAS BEEN SOLVED WITH THE THE WORD “GRADUAL” SO THAT THINGS LIKE ALARMING FORECASTS OF HUMAN POPULATION OR HUMAN ACTIVITY OR BIOLOGY OR GEOLOGY OR CLIMATE ARE POSSIBLE AT ANY TIME SCALE WITH THE WORD “GRADUAL”. IN THIS CONSTRUCTION, WE CAN UNDERSTAND THE CLIMATE MOVEMENT AS GRADUAL CATASTROPHISM. BOTTOM LINE: WE HUMANS NEED TO LIVE IN FEAR AND SO THEREFORE WE NEED TO FIND THINGS TO FEAR.

THE FTX SCANDAL As bad as it is, it serves as a reminder that our financial regulation does not derive from theory or pure financial wisdom but from financial crisis. A brief history of this scenario is seen from 1930 to 1980. THE 1930S Between 1929 and 1939 it was a period of great economic depression worldwide that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States.[2] The economic contagion began around September and led to the Wall Street stock market crash of October 24 (Black Thursday). The economic shock impacted most countries across the world to varying degrees. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. THE 1980S CRISIS The 2008 financial crisis caused a complete meltdown of the American economy that showed no positive response to the intervention by the Federal Reserve and the government in general with regulatory innovations. It turned out that the financial crisis and economic collapse of 2007/2008 was a replay of similar events in 1929/1930. Both of these crises were the result of the mark to market accounting rule. In both cases, the government’s effort to solve the problem with regulatory intervention failed and possibly worsened the crisis – and in both cases, simply rescinding the mark-to-market rule (by Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1938 and by Barney Frank on April 2, 2009) brought about a recovery from the crisis and healthy economic growth immediately followed. The lesson is that free market systems are not operated by the government but by innovators and risk taking investors in new ideas and the financial system that funds these ventures. The government’s job is not to operate the economy but to provide the right kind of regulatory infrastructure where innovators and investors can thrive. FINANCIAL WISDOM CAN BE PROPOSED IN THE ABSENCE OF CRISIS BUT IT WILL HAVE NO IMPACT ON FINANCE BECAUSE OUR FEAR OF FINANCE GONE WRONG RESTRICTS US TO FINANCIAL CRISES AS THE ONLY GATEWAY TO FINANCIAL INNOVTION. IT TAKES A CRISIS TO IMPLEMENT FINANCIAL INNOVATION. AS FOR EXAMPLE: A New Discounting Model for Teaching Finance Date Written: March 27, 2014 Abstract The mathematics of continuous compounding is not limited to the valuation of continuously compounded financial instruments and flow annuities, but rather it is a versatile and robust model that may be used for valuation of all financial contracts normally encountered. It consists of a simple, consistent, coherent and conceptually appealing set of equations that apply without modification to the complete range of applications. The discrete stepwise model of compounding, by contrast, is a redundant innovation that is more complicated than the generalized model and limited in scope. LINK: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2417143

THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CRISES OF THE UN Remember when the ILO did labor, the FAO did agriculture, the WHO did health, the World Bank did infrastructure loans for developing countries, the WMO did Meteorology, and the UNDP did economic development of poor countries? Now they all do Climate. This post is an examination of this anomaly in terms of the structure and function of the UN that are not constrained and that contain no provision for accountability, oversight, discipline, or budgetary constraint. These structural flaws have created a rogue public service organization that serves itself and not the public and they make it possible for the UN to use its self declared global environmental authority to invent global environmental crises that inflate its budget and serve its bureaucratic needs. That the World Health Organization (WHO) is busy with climate change these days with predictions that climate change is causing starvation and malnutrition, is best understood in this context. The WHO is no longer a World Health Organization but an agency of the UN that takes its orders from Antonio Guterres the climate guy. (1) IN THE BEGINNING: A history of world wars among nation states and the yearning for a global peace keeper to prevent such wars is the context that gave birth the the idea of a global peace keeper. This peacekeeper is envisioned as an independent body, representing all nation states but beholden to none, such that it can intervene, resolve disputes, and prevent war among nations. Yet, it should obvious that if these independence criteria are met, the peace keeping body becomes a public service organization with no mechanism for accountability, oversight or discipline, a condition well known to cultivate corruption and a self-serving agenda. The unanswered question is ” If we need a UN run by mortals to discipline nations run by mortals, who will discipline the mortals at the UN? “ (2) CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS: It is well known and well established that public service organizations without adequate accountability, oversight, and discipline mechanisms in place serve themselves and not the public. This flaw in the global peace keeper idea has been overlooked. If the global peacekeeper body will discipline the world’s nation states, who will discipline the global peacekeeper? This question was asked by Henry Cabot Lodge a hundred years ago but it has since been forgotten and it remains to this day an unanswered question. This is the fundamental flaw in the global peacekeeper idea. It gave us the monster that is the UN. (3) CONSEQUENCES OF STRUCTURAL WEAKNESS: Here we examine the consequences of this structural weakness with specific applications to the ambition of the United Nations to extend its role from global peacekeeper to that of a global environmental protection agency with the argument that certain global environmental issues transcend national boundaries and can only be assessed and controlled on a global basis. Here we argue that this extension of the function of a world peacekeeper is inconsistent with the idea of a world of humans that consists of independent nation states. (4) THE PARIS AGREEMENT OF 1919: The global peacekeeper idea was born after the first global war in World-War-1 when the League of Nations was formed after the 14-points speech by progressive Democrat Woodrow Wilson in 1918 in which he envisioned a global body that would resolve disputes and prevent warfare. Henry Cabot Lodge (HCL) argued against the plan saying that such a powerful global body overseeing nation states without oversight and discipline by the nation states will end up subverting national sovereignty. Although the global peacekeeper idea was thus stalled in the US by the HCL argument, it created a great sense of euphoria and strong support for the Wilson proposal on the other side of the Atlantic where they had a hippie moment envisioning global love and peace. And that that led to the Paris Agreement of 1919 and the Geneva Covenant of 1920 and The League of Nations was thus created with a membership of 48 countries. History Dot Com writes that the League had a mixed record of success and failure, sometimes putting self-interest before becoming involved with conflict resolution, while also contending with governments that did not recognize its authority. It died peacefully during World War II which it had failed to prevent. [LINK TO HISTORY DOT COM] . (5) AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR: The 2nd World War ended in 1945 and the idea of a global body to prevent future wars re-surfaced. Meetings of the victors were held to draft a charter for the new improved League of Nations to be called the United Nations this time. The failure of the League of Nations was attributed, not to too much power of a public service organization with inadequate supervision and accountability but to not enough power. The final decisive meeting that created the Charter for the United Nations was held in San Francisco in 1945. The UN we know today was thus created with an initial membership of 51 countries. The Charter lists 4 functions and duties of the United Nations. They are (1)Maintain international peace and security. (2)Develop friendly relations among nations. (3)Achieve international cooperation in solving international problems. (4)Be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends. (6) FLAWS IN THE 1945 CHARTER CREATED AN UNCONSTRAINED BUREAUCRACY: This charter reveals two significant problems with regard to the accountability and oversight issue. It appears that these organizational weaknesses had been built into the structure and function of the UN at the very outset by the Charter itself. The UN was conceived for the single purpose of preventing future wars. That function is found in Charter-Item#1: Maintain international peace and security. The other three functions, #2, #3, and #4 having to do with “friendly relations”, “international cooperation”, “problem solving”, and “harmonizing actions” etc have been arbitrarily thrown in by the Charter writers and they are at the root of the structural flaws that have created the rogue organization we see today. (7): PROBLEMS CREATED BY CHARTER ITEMS 2, 3, & 4: The problems created by Charter items #2, #3, and #4 are first, that they have expanded the role of the UN well beyond its conceptual definition as the prevention of warfare particularly with reference to world wars among multiple nations; and this fundamental structural expansion of this new public service organization was done without inserting anything in the Charter in terms of constraints, limits, accountability, oversight, and discipline measures. There is nothing in the Charter that draws the line beyond which the UN may not go. It says what they can do but does not say what they can’t do. This error is confounded by yet another fatal error in the charter: There is no oversight and accountability measure in the Charter. This combination of the absence of limits and the absence of oversight is a dangerous formula for public service organizations because it is a formula for rogue organizations. (8) PUBLIC SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS WITHOUT OVERSIGHT & ACCOUNTABILITY SERVE THEMSELVES AND NOT THE PUBLIC. As a rule, in public service organizations, particularly so for unelected bodies, the powers, budget, and reach of the organization must be balanced against the accountability, oversight, and discipline (AOD) measures such that the greater the powers, reach, and budget the greater and more effective must be the AOD measures. Instead, what the Charter has done is to throw in arbitrary UN functions #2, #3, and #4 in vague language and with no corresponding AOD measures such that UN bureaucrats can interpret and extend these vague functions as they wish; and with no accountability. There are no constraints in the Charter. For example, it does not say that the UN must not violate national sovereignty of the member states such that the UN was able to launch the “Smart Cities” program in which it went around the Trump Administration’s rejection of the Paris Agreement to work directly with local government in the USA to implement the Paris Agreement. (9) A rogue public service organization is here defined as one that serves its bureaucrats and not the public that it was formed to serve. An added weakness is that UN bureaucrats are appointed for the relatively long period of 5-year terms and often re-appointed multiple times. These terms should be greatly reduced with no possibility of re-appointment. The organization is funded by a few member states but the UN is not accountable to those taxpayers and the budget of the UN is not constrained. The unconstrained budget makes it possible for the UN to invent new functions and programs and will and pass the new expanded budget in the general assembly. The function and reach of the UN are also not constrained by the Charter. The UN must be reformed in ways that it serves its constituents and not itself. (10) THE IPCC IS AN AGENCY OF THE UN: THE UN’S MISSION IS TO IMPOSE CLIMATE ACTION AND THE IPCC’S JOB IS TO PROVIDE A “SCIENTIFIC” RATIONALE FOR CLIMATE ACTION. THE EXPLANATION FOR THE ODDITY THAT ALL CLIMATE IMPACTS ARE BAD, THAT ALL BAD THINGS ARE CLIMATE IMPACTS, AND THAT IN THE SCIENCE OF CLIMATE IMPACTS THERE ARE NO GOOD IMPACTS AND NO ATTRIBUTION FAILURES DUE TO UNCERTAINTY IS THAT IPCC SCIENCE IS NOT UNBIASED OBJECTIVE SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY BUT AGENDA DRIVEN TO PROVIDE THE RATIONALE NEEDED BY THE UN FOR ITS PRE-DETERMINED CLIMATE ACTION AGENDA SUCH THAT THE CLIMATE ACTION MEASURES DEMANDED ARE NOT DERIVED FROM THE CLIMATE SCIENCE BUT RATHER, IT IS THE CLIMATE SCIENCE THAT IS DERIVED FROM PRE-DETERMINED CLIMATE ACTION DEMANDS OF THE UN. [LINK] . (11) THE WMO IS AN AGENCY OF THE UN: The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has released its State of the Climate report for 2018. The report begins with a statement by the United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres which states that: “The data released in this report give cause for great concern. The past four years were the warmest on record, with the global average surface temperature in 2018 approximately 1°C above the pre-industrial baseline. These data confirm the urgency of climate action. This was also emphasized by the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C. The IPCC found that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C will require rapid and far-reaching transitions in land, energy, industry, buildings, transport, and cities, and that global net human-caused emissions of carbon dioxide need to fall by about 45% from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching “net zero” around 2050. To promote greater global ambition on addressing climate change, I am convening a Climate Action Summit on 23 September. The Summit aims to mobilize the necessary political will for raising ambition as we work to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. Specifically, I am calling on all leaders to come to New York in September with concrete, realistic plans to enhance their nationally determined contributions by 2020 and reach net zero emissions around mid-century. The Summit will also demonstrate transformative action in all the areas where it is needed. There is no longer any time for delay. I commend this report as an indispensable contribution to global efforts to avert irreversible climate disruption. (A. Guterres United Nations Secretary-General) [LINK] (12) THE UN IS AN UNCONSTRAINED BUREAUCRACY: THE UNITED NATIONS IS AN UNCONSTRAINED BUREAUCRACY. It is financed mostly by taxpayers from a few donor countries but the large and growing bureaucracy is too far removed from those taxpayers to be directly accountable to them. It is run by unelected, unaccountable, undisciplined, and incompetent bureaucrats. The organization’s size, budget, and scope are unconstrained. The budget funding process provides perverse incentives for these bureaucrats to increase the size and scope of their organization simply by creating multitudes of agencies and programs, and by inventing problems and environmental crises set on a global scale. [LINK] . REFORM PROPOSALS BY THE US CONGRESS Blanchfield, Luisa. United Nations reform: US policy and international perspectives. DIANE Publishing, 2010. Since its establishment in 1945, the United Nations has been in a constant state of transition as various international stakeholders seek ways to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the U.N. system. Recent controversies, such as corruption of the Iraq Oil-For-Food Program, allegations of sexual abuse by U.N. peacekeepers, and instances of waste, fraud and abuse by U.N. staff, have focused renewed attention on the need for change and improvement of the United Nations. Many in the international community, including the United States, have increased pressure on U.N. member states to implement substantive reforms. The 111th Congress will most likely continue to focus on U.N. reform as it considers appropriate levels of U.S. funding to the United Nations and monitors the progress and implementation of ongoing and previously-approved reform measures. In September 2005, heads of U.N. member states met for the World Summit at U.N. Headquarters in New York to discuss strengthening the United Nations through institutional reform. The resulting Summit Outcome Document laid the groundwork for a series of reforms that included establishing a Peace-building Commission, creating a new Human Rights Council, and enlarging the U.N. Security Council. Member states also agreed to Secretariat and management reforms including improving internal U.N. oversight capacity, establishing a U.N. ethics office, enhancing U.N. whistle-blower protection, and reviewing all U.N. mandates five years or older. Blanchfield, Luisa. United Nations reform: background and issues for congress. Congressional Research Service, 2015 LuisaPDF Summary: Since its establishment in 1945, the United Nations (U.N.) has undergone numerous reforms to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. Recent controversies include corruption in the Iraq Oil-For-Food Program, allegations of sexual abuse by U.N. peacekeepers, and instances of waste, fraud, and abuse by U.N. staff. There is an urgent need for the reform of the United Nations. The 114th Congress may focus on U.N. reform as it considers levels of U.S. funding to the United Nations and monitors the progress and implementation of reform measures. Some Members are particularly interested in U.N. Secretariat and management reform, with a focus on improving transparency and strengthening accountability and oversight. In the past, Congress has enacted legislation that links U.S. funding of the United Nations to specific U.N. reform benchmarks. Supporters of this strategy contend that the United Nations has been slow to implement reforms and that linking payment of U.S. assessments to progress on U.N. reform is the most effective way to motivate member states to efficiently pursue comprehensive reform. The World Summit at U.N. Headquarters in New York to discuss strengthening the United Nations through institutional reform. BOTTOM LINE : The United Nations: An Unconstrained Bureaucracy: WE NEED TO GET RID OF IT AND START OVER

The United Nations: An Unconstrained Bureaucracy Abstract The United Nations is financed mostly by taxpayers from a few donor countries but the large and growing bureaucracy is too far removed from those taxpayers to be directly accountable to them. It is run by unelected, unaccountable, undisciplined, and incompetent bureaucrats. The organization’s size, budget, and scope are unconstrained. The budget funding process provides perverse incentives for these bureaucrats to increase the size and scope of their organization simply by creating multitudes of agencies and programs, and by inventing problems and environmental crises set on a global scale. Munshi, Jamal, The United Nations: An Unconstrained Bureaucracy (June 13, 2016). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2794991 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2794991

WHAT THE TCRE TELLS US ABOUT CLIMATE SCIENCE Posted by: chaamjamal on: November 18, 2021 THE CLIMATE SCIENCE OF THE THEORY OF ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE BY WAY OF FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS IS FOUNDED ON THE THEORY OF CLIMATE SENSITIVITY. THIS THEORY HOLDS THAT SURFACE TEMPERATURE IS A LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION SUCH THAT THERE IS A UNIVERSAL CONSTANT CALLED “EQUILIBRIUM CLIMATE SENSITIVITY” OR “ECS” THAT RELATES EACH DOUBLING OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE TO A FIXED AMOUNT OF WARMING. HOWEVER, WHAT WE SEE IN THE ATTEMPT BY CLIMATE SCIENCE TO USE THIS THEORY IS THAT, THOUGH THE THE THEORY OF ECS IS FOUNDED ON KNOWN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE AND THE KNOWN PROPERTIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND THOUGH IT IS DEFENSIBLE IN TERMS OF THIS THEORY, ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE CURRENT GLOBAL WARMING CYCLE OF THE HOLOCENE INTERGLACIAL OR ITS INTERPRETATION IN TERMS OF THE THEORY OF GLOBAL WARMING PROPOSED BY CLIMATE SCIENCE IS NOT POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF LARGE UNCERTAINTIES IN OBSERVED EMPIRICAL VALUES OF THE ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL ECS PARAMETER. WHAT THE ECS UNCERTAINTY MEANS IS THAT IF WE DON’T KNOW WHAT THE VALUE OF THE ECS IS WE DON’T KNOW HOW GLOBAL WARMING WORKS AND BOTH THE GLOBAL WARMING THEORY OF CLIMATE SCIENCE AND THE CLIMATE ACTION ACTIVISM OF CLIMATE SCIENCE THAT CLAIM CREDIBILITY BECAUSE THEY ARE SCIENCE, ARE LEFT WITH A SCIENCE THAT HAS NO EMPIRICAL SUPPORT. THESE WEAKNESSES IN THE FOUNDATIONAL THEORY OF ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING MOTIVATED CLIMATE SCIENCE TO LEAVE THIS THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING HYPOTHESIS BEHIND AND TO USE THE TCRE PARAMETER PROPOSED BY PROFESSOR DAMON MATTHEWS. THE TCRE SHOWS A NEARLY PERFECT CORRELATION BETWEEN WARMING AND CUMULATIVE FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS. ALTHOUGH THIS RELATIONSHIP HAS NO THEORETICAL BASIS, THE DISCOVERY OF THE STRONG CORRELATION RESCUED CLIMATE SCIENCE FROM THEIR ECS FAILURE AND PROVIDED THEM WITH THE NEEDED CAUSATION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMISSIONS AND WARMING FOR THE PROPOSITION THAT FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS CAUSE WARMING AND FOR THE DEMAND THAT THE NEEDED CLIMATE ACTION IS FOR HUMANS TO STOP BURNING FOSSIL FUELS. THIS NEAR PERFECT CORRELATION IS CALLED THE {TRANSIENT CLIMATE RESPONSE TO CUMULATIVE EMISSIONS} OR TCRE FOR SHORT. IT DERIVES ONLY FROM THE DISCOVERY OF A STRONG AND ALMOST PERFECT CORRELATION BETWEEN THE CHANGE IN GMST (WARMING) AND CUMULATIVE FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS. A USEFUL AND MUCH NEEDED APPLICATION OF THIS NEW CORREATION WAS QUICKLY DISCOVERED BY CLIMATE SCIENCE IN TERMS OF “CARBON BUDGET” ESTIMATIONS. A CARBON BUDGET IS THE AMOUNT OF EMISSIONS THAT CORRESPOND TO A GIVEN AMOUNT OF WARMING. HOWEVER, THERE IS NO THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THIS OBSERVED CORRELATION, AND IN RELATED POSTS WE SHOW THAT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO INTERPRET THIS OBSERVED CORRELATION IN TERMS OF THE PHENOMENA OF NATURE THAT IT APPARENTLY REPRESENTS BECAUSE OF ITS MANY STATISTICAL ANOMALIES AND WEAKNESSES. {LINKS BELOW} THE ISSUE HERE IS THAT THE FAUX “CORRELATION” IS A CREATION OF A SIGN PATTERN WHERE EMISSIONS ARE ALWAYS POSITIVE BY DEFINITION, AND IN A PERIOD OF WARMING, THE AMOUNT OF WARMING EACH YEAR IS MOSTLY POSITIVE ALTHOUGH NOT ALWAYS SO. AND THAT NOT EVERY YEAR IS A WARMING YEAR THUS SET THE TRAP FOR THE IMMEDIATE APPLICATION OF THIS NEW CORRELATION IN CLIMATE SCIENCE IN TERMS OF CONSTRUCTING WHAT IS CALLED THE “CARBON BUDGET”. WHAT CLIMATE SCIENTISTS QUICKLY DISCOVERED IN THE CARBON BUDGET APPLICATION OF THE TCRE AND WHAT APPEARED TO THEM TO BE A MYSTERY IS THE SO CALLED “REMAINING CARBON BUDGET ANOMALY”. BRIEFLY, THE ISSUE HERE IS THAT IF YOU USE UP A PART OF YOUR CARBON BUDGET, THE REMAINING CARBON BUDGET CANNOT BE COMPUTED BY SUBTRACTION BUT MUST BE RECOMPUTED WITH THE TCRE RECOMPUTED FOR THE REMAINING PORTION OF THE CARBON BUDGET PERIOD. THIS APPEARS TO CLIMATE SCIENCE TO BE AN UNRESOLVED MYSTERY ALTHOUGH THE ISSUE IS SIMPLY THAT THOUGH ANNUAL WARMINGS ARE MOSTLY POSITIVE THEY ARE NOT ALWAYS SO AND THERE ARE RANDOM YEARS WHERE IT MAY HAVE COOLED. FOR THIS REASON, THE FRACTION OF POSITIVE WARMING YEARS IN THE FULL SPAN OF THE BUDGET PERIOD IS UNLIKELY TO EQUAL THE FRACTION OF WARMING YEARS IN A SELECTED PORTION OF THE FULL SPAN BUDGET PERIOD. WHAT CLIMATE SCIENCE THINKS IS A MYSTERY IS THE CLUE THAT THE TCRE IS A SPURIOUS CORRELATION THAT HAS NO INTERPRETATION IN THE REAL WORLD. IT SHOULD ALSO BE MENTIONED THAT A TIME SERIES OF THE CUMULATIVE VALUES OF ANOTHER TIME SERIES HAS NEITHER TIME SCALE NOR DEGREES OF FREEDOM AND THAT THEREFORE, THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CUMULATIVE VALUES HAS NO INTERPRETATION IN THE REAL WORLD. AN EVEN MORE EGREGIOUS MATHEMATICAL ERROR IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF THE TCRE IS ITS MATHEMATICAL INCONSISTENCY. BRIEFLY, IN THE THEORY OF CLIMATE CHANGE, GMST IS A LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION BUT IN THE TCRE, GMST IS A LINEAR FUNCTION OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION BECAUSE ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION IS A CREATION OF CUMULATIVE EMISSIONS. RELATED POST LINKED BELOW: MUCH OF WHAT IS PROPOSED AS CLIMATE SCIENCE WHERE THE WORD "SCIENCE" IS MEANT TO IMPLY GOD LIKE TRUTH THAT CANNOT BE QUESTIONED, VIOLATE BASIC SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES. WE CONCLUDE THAT WHAT THE TCRE TELLS US ABOUT CLIMATE SCIENCE IS THAT THEIR NEED FOR SCIENCE IS NOT TO DISCOVER HOW THINGS WORK BUT TO VALIDATE WHAT THEY HAVE ALREADY DECIDED ABOUT HOW THINGS WORK.

WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 27 in the year 2022 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 26 in the year 2021 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 25 in the year 2019 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 24 in the year 2018 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 23 in the year 2017 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 22 in the year 2016 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 21 in the year 2015 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 20 in the year 2014 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 19 in the year 2013 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 18 in the year 2012 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 17 in the year 2011 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 16 in the year 2010 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 15 in the year 2009 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 14 in the year 2008 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 13 in the year 2007 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 12 in the year 2006 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 11 in the year 2005 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 10 in the year 2004 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 9 in the year 2003 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 8 in the year 2002 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 7 in the year 2001 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. WHAT WAS ACHIEVED AT COP 6 in the year 2000 We're honoured to have attended the most significant climate action event of the year. We hope to work with more people - students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers, industry, philanthropists and global leaders to find urgent solutions to the global challenge posed by climate change that is known to be caused by our use of fossil fuels and that can and must be solved by removing fossil fuels from our energy infrastructure. AND THIS COP DRAMA AT A COSTS OF BILLIONS OF DOLLARS GIVEN TO THE UN GOES ALL THE WAY BACK TO COP 1 /b> THEIR ONLY CLAIM TO COP SUCCESS IS THE PARIS AGREEMENT AND THEY COULD DO THAT BECAUSE THEY CHEATED AND LIED TO US. The only AGREEMENT in the Paris Agreement is that the participating countries AGREED TO SUBMIT INDCs. That is all that the participating countries agreed to do. And in fact all the countries that had agreed to submit INDCs did in fact submit INDCs. BUT WHAT IS AN INDC???? The key to understanding the Paris agreement is to understand what an INDC is and what it isn’t (1): First of all, the way we understand what the word agreement means is that there is one document – one statement, that all the participants signed and agreed to abide by. But there is no such document in the Paris Agreement. (2): This oddity of what is called an agreement is a creation of the failure of the COPs (United Nations Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC) and that failure is best understood in the context of the history of the UN’s ambition to be a kind of global Environmental Protection Agency by way of the UNEP (united nations environment program). (3): The UNEP began life with a bang when the UN put together a Global Agreement called the Montreal Protocol where all the nations signed the same document agreeing to change refrigerants. This agreement is credited with having solved the ozone depletion crisis. This apparent success of the newly formed UNEP led to the assumption that the UN could likewise put together a “Montreal Protocol for climate change” (MPFC) with a global agreement to reduce global fossil fuel emissions. (4): To get such an agreement signed by all nations, the UN put together a global agreement signed by almost all nations called the UNFCCC where the signatories agreed that climate change is a global problem that needs a global solution. The nations that signed this agreement are called Parties to the UNFCCC. The next and final step in resolving the climate crisis was to call a “Conference of Parties” or COP, for the parties to sign a binding emission reduction agreement. Sadly, the COP ended without a signed “Montreal Protocol for the Climate (MPFC). (5): This failure was a significant event. Flustered and confused in the abject failure of the COP, the UN bureaucrats decided to call for another COP to be called COP2 and line up some more impressive speakers about the dangers of climate change and make some modifications to the emission reduction agreement to get the parties to sign the modified MPFC. But COP2 also failed. (6): The UN bureaucrats were unable to comprehend the enormous difference between changing refrigerants and overhauling the world’s energy infrastructure. and ventured into a program of tweeking the contract and bringing in more impressive speakers and more scary assessments of what will happen to us and the world and maybe the planet if we don’t do the MPFC. The short version of this story is that after COP3, COP4, COP5, COP6, COP7, COP8, COP9, COP10, COP11, COP12, COP13, COP14, and the very dramatic COP15 in Copenhagen that was described by climate scientists, climate activists, and the UN bureaucrats as a DO OR DIE meeting. It died. (7): But the climate movement and the UN could not accept this devastating failure and the UN bureaucrats decided that what they needed was a change in strategy. It was the devastating failure in Copenhagen that convinced the UN bureaucrats that more and more speakers with greater and greater fear of climate change will not work and will not deliver the MPFC. It was in Copenhagen that the subtle shift in strategy had to be made to keep toning down the demands in the MPFC until the all the Parties would sign the climate agreement. Copenhagen - Wikipedia (8): And so the climate agreement dream was not over yet and on we went to COP16, COP17, COP18, COP19, COP20, COP21, COP22, COP23, and COP24. But still no MPFC and still without an agreement. (9): A dramatic shift in strategy came in COP25 in Paris. The new desperate strategy was this: If they won’t sign the contract we wrote let them write the contract that they will sign. And so it was that in COP25 in Paris, France that this new strategy was implemented where each nation could independently and in isolation write the agreement that it was willing to sign and then sign it. The collection of these “INDC”s that don’t agree is then assumed to be an AGREEMENT of some kind so the UN can say that they did their job and delivered the MPFC.. (10): The contradictions in this claim have gone unchallenged and so it is to this day that we still accept a collection of INDCs that don’t agree and that are not binding as some kind of global climate action contract that can be claimed to be the delivery of the promised MPFC. AND THE OTHERWISE INTELLIGENT HUMANS ARE PLAYING ALONG WITH THIS UTTERLY MEANINGLESS UNITED NATIONS CHARADE THAT IS COSTING US BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF DOLLARS. WE NEED TO GET RID OF THE UNITED NATIONS. The United Nations is financed mostly by taxpayers from a few donor countries but the large and growing bureaucracy is too far removed from those taxpayers to be directly accountable to them. It is run by unelected, unaccountable, undisciplined, and incompetent bureaucrats. The organization’s size, budget, and scope are unconstrained. The budget funding process provides perverse incentives for these bureaucrats to increase the size and scope of their organization simply by creating multitudes of agencies and programs, and by inventing problems and environmental crises set on a global scale.

THE ARCTIC OCEAN WARMS FROM BELOW THIS POST IS A PRESENTATION OF THE FINDINGS IN “The Arctic Ocean warms from below Eddy C. Carmack William J. Williams Sarah L. Zimmermann Fiona A. McLaughlin, Geophysical Research Letters, 2012. LINK TO FULL TEXT: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2012GL050890 ABSTRACT: The old (∼450‐year isolation age) and near‐homogenous deep waters of the Canada Basin (CBDW), that are found below ∼2700 m, warmed at a rate of ∼0.0004°C yr−1 between 1993 and 2010. This rate is slightly less than expected from the reported geothermal heat flux (Fg ∼ 50 mW m−2). A deep temperature minimum Tmin layer overlies CBDW within the basin and is also warming at approximately the same rate, suggesting that some geothermal heat escapes vertically through a multi‐stepped, ∼300‐m‐thick deep transitional layer. Double diffusive convection and thermobaric instabilities are identified as possible mechanisms governing this vertical heat transfer. The CBDW found above the lower continental slope of the deep basin maintains higher temperatures than those in the basin interior, consistent with geothermal heat being distributed through a shallower water column, and suggests that heat from the basin interior does not diffuse laterally and escape at the edges. The deep waters of the Arctic Ocean form in the Nordic seas and enter the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait. The Arctic Ocean itself contains two main basins; the Eurasian and Canadian, separated by the Lomonosov Ridge with a sill depth of ∼2000 m. The Canadian Basin has the largest volume and contains the oldest deep water, with 14C isolation age estimates of ∼450 years. In turn, the Canadian Basin is separated by the Alpha‐Mendeleyev ridge complex into the Makarov and Canada Basins. The deep waters of the Canada Basin (CBDW) are near‐homogeneous, varying in potential temperature by less than 0.001°C between ∼2700 m and the bottom, a feature ascribed to geothermal heating and vertical convection. The geothermal heat flux in the Canadian Basin is 40–60 mW/m2. Salinity in the Canadian Basin increases with depth to ∼2700 m, but is nearly constant below this depth. A near‐homogenous bottom waters temperature is observed in the Eurasian Basin but with a temperature change in the bottom layer attributed to geothermal heating. In the Canada Basin bottom waters that temperature is near‐constant with time. Some heat escapes vertically through the overlying deep transitional layer and that heat was lost mainly around the perimeter of the basin. Here, using data from annual surveys of the southern Canada Basin between 2002 and 2010, we re‐examine role of geothermal heating in CBDW, describe temporal and spatial patterns in water mass properties, and propose heat exchange mechanisms that involve diffusive and thermobaric instabilities. FINDINGS: CBDW appears as a thick, near‐homogenous bottom layer extending from ∼2700 m to the bottom. Above lies an ∼300‐m‐thick deep transitional layer that is characterized by a temperature–salinity step structure, and the top of this layer is marked by a temperature minimum (Tmin) at ∼2400 m, the sill depth at Cooperation Gap on the Alpha‐Mendeleyev Ridge complex. The staircase structure, through which both the mean temperature and mean salinity increase with depth, is observed at all stations across the entire basin and has been a persistent feature for at least two decades. The step structure is typically characterized by three to four mixed layers that are 10–60 m thick and are separated by 2–20 m‐thick interfaces over which changes are δθ ∼ 0.003°C and δS ∼ 0.0007. The θ/S properties of the deep basin show that stratification below the Tmin is marginally stable with respect to density calculated at 3000 m and that those of the Tmin itself closely match those of the Makarov Basin at sill depth, pointing to this as the likely source maintaining the Tmin layer. For any given year the θ of CBDW within the deep basin is laterally near‐uniform, varying by less than 0.0007°C across the full study area, reflecting the isolation of the basin and also the ubiquity of geothermal heating. The θ of the Tmin, however, shows greater spatial variability. Evolution of the Deep Water in the Canadian Basin in the Arctic Ocean in: Journal of Physical Oceanography Volume 36 Issue 5 (2006) (a) Schematic of Canada Basin Bottom Water (CBDW) structure and processes; MB is the Makarov Basin, A/M is the Alpha Mendeleyev Ridge, CB is the Canada Basin, Slope is the continental slope in the south and east. E and D are entrainment and detrainment associated with a hypothetical descending plume of cold salty water from the shelf. (b–d) Changes in potential temperature (red), salinity (blue) and density in the central Canada Basin at JOIS station CB‐15 at 77N, 140W (see Figure 1b, green dot) in 2003 (thin lines) and 2010 (thick lines). The profile from 2000 m to the bottom is shown in Figure 2b, the deep transitional layer (DTL) from 2450 to 2750 m is shown in Figure 2c and potential temperature vs. salinity is shown in Figure 2d with contours of potential density referenced to 3000 db. Time sequence of potential temperature profiles in the deep Canada Basin from 2002 to 2010 reveals the steady increase in temperature of the CBDW. This rate of warming is consistent with geothermal heat flux. A least‐squares fit to all available CBDW temperature data from 1993–2010 for stations deeper than 3000 m gives a rate of warming of ∼0.0004°C/yr; a similar rate of warming is observed in the Tmin, but with a much larger spatial variation. CONCLUSIONS: THE ARCTIC OCEAN IS GEOLOGICALLY ACTIVE WITH SIGNIFICANT SOURCES OF GEOTHERMAL HEAT FLOW FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE PLANET. THE ARCTIC OCEAN WARMS FROM BELOW. THEREFORE ARCTIC OCEAN TEMPERATURE DYNAMICS AND ICE MELT EVENTS CANNOT BE UNDERSTOOD IN ATMOSPHERIC TERMS. YET, WHAT WE SEE IN CLIMATE SCIENCE IS AN EXCLUSIVE RELIANCE ON ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA TO EXPLAIN ALL OCEAN WARMING AND ICE MELT PHENOMENA IN THE ARCTIC. THIS ANALYSIS BY CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENTISTS IS NOT CREDIBLE AND INDICATIVE OF THE CORRUPTION OF SCIENCE BY ACTIVISM.

WHAT WE LEARNED BY FEEDING BILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO THE UNITED NATIONS AND OTHER CLIMATE CHANGE MILLIONAIRES #1: WE LEARNED THAT AFTER TAKING BILLIONS OF DOLLARS FROM US THE ONLY THING THE UN CAN OFFER IS THAT (#1) THEY DO HAVE A DEAL SO THEY HAVE NOT FAILED ALTHOUGH THE DEAL DID NOT DO US ANY GOOD BECAUSE THE WORLD IS STILL ON THE BRINK OF CATALSTROPHE. SO AFTER 27 COPS, THE UN BUREAUCRATS THAT HAD SAID AT COP1, COP2, COP3, COP4, COP5, COP6, COP7, COP8, COP9, COP10, COP11, COP12, COP13, COP14, COP15, COP16, COP17, CIO18, COP19, COP20, COP21, COP22, COP23, COP24, COP25, AND COP26 THAT ALL THEY NEEDED WAS ONE MORE COP AT COP27 TO SOLVE THE CLIMATE CRISIS, ARE NOW SAYING THAT COP27 HAS ALSO FAILED AND THAT THEREFORE THEY WILL NEED A COP28 DOWN THE ROAD TO SAVE THE PLANET FROM CLIMATE CATASTROPHE. ALL THEY NEED IS MONEY AND COPS AND THEY CAN SOLVE THE CLIMATE CRISIS. CONCLUSION: WE MUST KEEP THE MONEY ROLLING AND WE MUST KEEP THE UN BUREAUCRATS HAPPY OR THE PLANET IS TOAST. SOME DETAILS AT SSRN: LINK: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2794991